At the time of Tennyson's death in 1893, botany and zoology were firmly established
as school
subjects, which were backed by the practical study of local nature. Charles Kingsley was one of
the promoters of these new subjects. J. Arthur Thomson, Professor of Natural History at the
University of Aberdeen from 1899 to 1930, was another. Thomson also wrote several popular works
which sought to reconcile science and religion. Thomson's Outline of Science, published
in 1922,
sold more than one hundred thousand copies in five years. Writing in 1896 about the study of
natural history as an educational discipline, he was concerned about cultivating a delight in nature
as a counterweight to its unthinking destruction.
"The Culture
of aesthetic emotion, or delight in beautiful things, botany and natural history
are unrivalled disciplines. I may recall the case which Ruskin mentions of the servant- girl
who excused her non-demolition of the spider's web, because it was so pretty. Or again, I
find in one of my grandfather's books a story of an enthusiastic lover of gardening, who left a
fine nettle growing in his greenhouse, saying in excuse, " it grew up sae bonnily puir thing,
that I could not think to pu' it." We often find the same feeling among country-folk, who say
of cut flowers "Ah, but the're bonniest grown." In scores of little ways we can foster this
delight in and reverence for beautiful things, without going to any extreme of high falutin'
sentimentality. The antithesis is easily found, for instance, in ourselves when we carelessly
decapitate plants with our walking stick . . . and from ourselves down to the rascals who set
fire to cats or beat horses to death".
The making of a nature
diary as personal aid-memoire became a practical classroom excercise
not only to reinforce the study of botany and zoology but also to help cultivate a delight in beautiful
things. It is a short step from keeping a nature diary to becoming a nature poet, because poets
have stopped to notice what most people tend to ignore. They have paused to smell the roses, and
the scent has changed them for ever. A poem communicates how nature has touched their
emotions. The following piece by A.C. Bradley describes how Tennyson is such a communicator.
"If a man who
had derived great happiness from the observation of nature were stricken with
blindness or confined for the rest of his life to a sick-room, and if he were condemned to
lose his recollection of all poets but one. Tennyson's is the poetry he should choose to
keep. There, for example, he could follow the progress of spring from the beginning when
Once more the Heavenly
Power
Makes all things
new,
And domes the red-plowed
hills
With loving blue;
when rosy plumelets
tuft the larch, and a million emeralds break from the ruby- budded
lime, and the ruddy- hearted blossom- flakes flutter down from the elm in tens of thousands;
when the satin shining palms appear on sallows in the windy gleams, and, later, a gust
strikes the yew and puffs the swaying branches into smoke, and all the wood stands in a
mist of green, till, later still, as you cross the wood you pass through a green gloom.
Or, again, Tennyson
will bring back to him the coming of the storm; its green malignant light
near the horizon; then the ragged rims of thunder brooding low, with shadow-streaks of rain;
and then the blasts that blow the poplar white and lash with storm the streaming pane; the
stammering cracks and claps, the bellowing of the tempest, and at last the sounds of its
retreat into the distance, moaning and calling out of other lands.
Or, if he has loved
the sea, with Tennyson he may still watch, on a windless day, the
crisping ripples on the beach, and tender curving lines of creamy spray; or, on a windy one,
crisp foam- flakes scudding along the level sand; or may recall from memories of the open
sea a huge wave, greem- glimmering towards the summit, with all its stormy crests that
smoke against the skies.
It will be just
the same with him if he thinks of sunrise and sunset; of the nightingale or the
thrush (whose voice has so become speech in The Throstle
that, as he remembers it, he
will laugh for amusement and joy); or of the mother- dog with her blind and shuddering
puppies, or the rabbit fondling his own harmless face.
And as our invalid
lies awake through the night in his sick-room, he may remember
Tennyson when the grandfather clocks in rooms beneath throb thunder through the floors,
and may remember Tennyson again as the dawn approaches and the casement slowly
grows a glimmering square".
From A.C.Bradley (1929);
'The Reaction Against Tennyson', A Miscellany, Macmillan & Co.