Following the path of our primate ancestry, mankind kept on inventing tools, to extend
and multiply
the activities of hand and eye. Alongside this went biological improvements in the organization of
mental capacities required to adapt to the new cultural conditions that resulted from the inventions.
The relative slowness of a way of thinking that was governed by the complicated rules of logic set
Homo sapiens on a quest for some simpler, more direct mode of apprehension. In particular, faster,
yet efficient, actions could be obtained by yielding to sensation and the abstract thought it
generated Early man found it natural to let himself be carried along by the stream of his sensory
life. Sensations and emotions are the very substance, the inner possessions, of our mental life, a
tide that bears us now lazily, now capriciously, with its current, seeming to demand of us no more
than to be perceived.
From confused sensations and emotions concepts may be derived that provide a useful
map of
reality. These concepts are at first mental images, memories of experiences whose significance
lies in their emotional colour i.e. attraction, fear, repulsion. They point dimly toward practical
application. Thus, neither the child nor the primitive sees reality as neutral or objective. Where does
the initial amorphous sensation become the familiar concept?
Inevitably, each invisible force is endowed with a material, recognizable appearance,
usually that of
the visible thing whose effects are most similar. By drawing an analogy with self, cultures
coalesced around the conception of these force emanating from a conscious will, By analogy,
such forces became endowed with material bodies, transforming them into gods or demons, human
or animal figures.
These invented images become as much a positive presence as the known forms whose
aspects
they assume. The child fashions for himself a thousand fantasies, the primitive a thousand
superstitions and myths in which reality and her own responses to it are confused. Humankind
attempts to fashion the endless, obscure actions of the powers that rule the environment into an
intelligible drama, to be played on personal stage, but necessarily confined to using decors and
actors that have actually been seen. This marvellous, partly imaginary stage world, is interposed
between oneself and the real world and helps, despite its unreality, to form some idea (correct or
incorrect)of what reality is, and to act upon it.
Our imaginary stage world is merely a projection of our cultural inclinations. Every
human group,
like every individual, elaborates the fable and fariytale that most suits its wishes; the subject
common to all, reality, takes on a different appearance in each case. The interior image of nature is
not distinguished from the exterior. But while the former can be and is infinitely variable, the latter
must have an identical cultural meaning for everyone, otherwise irreparable confusion would follow.
Purely mental images, fashioned according to dreams rather than ascertainable facts, are only for
private use. They cannot easily be exchanged among different groups or different individuals.
In order to act upon the environment, to act with and on other living beings, a means
of
communication must be acquired for mutual understanding. The individual's inner possessions
became exchangeable through the invention of images expressed as pictures, made-objects and
words, which relieve us of the trouble of having to obtain direct, sensory knowledge of things.
Humankind has made increasing use of abstraction, which has many advantages to compensate
for the loss of emotional content. Thanks to abstraction we can benefit from experiences that we
have not undergone personally; it is enough to record the results of those that have been
communicated to us by others.
Under such circumstances, what happened to sensibility? It found its voice only outside
man's
practical activities, in poetry and in art; and this voice is no longer rational, but suggestive and
these inner possessions are expressed as 'beauty'.