A single generation has witnessed the eclipse of
the notions of patrimony and of fixed capital. The generation that
came through the Second World War as adults were the last
generation where, objects once acquired were owned in the full
sense for they were the material expression of work done. It is
still not very long since buying a dining-table and chairs, or a
car, represented the end-point of a sustained exercise of thrift.
People worked dreaming of what they might later acquire; life was
lived in accordance with the puritan notion of effort and its
reward - and objects finally won represented repayment for the past
and security for the future. They were, in short, a capital. Today
objects are with us before they are earned, they steal a march on
the sum total of effort, of labour, that they embody, so that in a
sense their consumption precedes their production.
In the producer culture, which was largely
agricultural, one's work was the primary definition and devotion of
the self. Diligence, craftsmanship and moderation were the
fundamental values promoted by the religious, ethnic and community
groups of the time. Social directives were clearly defined and well
enforced by these cohesive groups. Ethnic and religious conformity
as well as large extended families promoted an equitable
distribution of wealth and division of labour. The three arenas of
family, labour and religion were closely intertwined and reflected
one another in daily life.
In the primarily agrarian communities typical of
the nineteenth century, people were either directly involved with
or in close proximity to the production of goods they consumed.
People were dependent on neighbours for locally produced goods as
well as a variety of services. For farming communities, public
service was not an act of charity it was an obligation. Raising a
barn for example was a community wide affair, unfeasible for a
single family solely to accomplish or finance. In general people
had a first hand knowledge of the production processes and were
acquainted with the producers of goods they bought. For the most
part agrarian communities were self sufficient and not entirely
immersed in the interdependent, interconnected American
marketplace. However, industrialization, urbanization and increased
economic competition led to the demise of these communities along
with the ideals rooted within them.